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The ECoC evidence base

The Archive

Forty years of European Capitals of Culture in their own words: what cities promised, what they did, and what the evaluations found.

documents
472

documents

cities
190

cities

evaluations
53

evaluations

bid books
182

bid books

1985–2031

title years covered

All shelvesEvaluations 53Monitoring and progress reports 1Bid books 182Selection and monitoring reports 111EU framework and official documents 27Strategies and action plans 5Research, guides and frameworks 33Shared by cities 1Sent in by members 59Published by cities 12
TypeBid book (pre-selection) 9Bid book (final selection) 8Ex-post evaluation 13Strategy 1Action plan 1Research 7Other 1
What the document types mean
Bid book (pre-selection)
A city's first application for the title, judged by the selection panel to make the shortlist.
Evidence of intent: what a city promised, not what it delivered.
Bid book (final selection)
A shortlisted city's full, final application for the title, with its programme, budget and plans.
Evidence of intent: what a city promised, not what it delivered.
Selection panel report
The EU expert panel's assessment of the bids in one competition, with its reasons and its recommendation.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Monitoring panel report
The EU expert panel's report on a designated city's preparations before its title year, with its advice.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Ex-post evaluation
An assessment, written after the title year or a programme, of what it actually achieved, usually by independent evaluators.
Evidence of outcome: what actually happened.
Monitoring or progress report
A city's own report on how its programme is going, written while it runs, with the figures it has tracked.
Evidence of outcome: what actually happened.
Strategy
A city's long-term plan or policy for culture, including legacy strategies and council decisions.
A plan: how a city meant to deliver and keep going.
Action plan
A concrete plan of what a city or organisation will do, by when and with what resources.
A plan: how a city meant to deliver and keep going.
Guide or toolkit
Practical how-to material that others can reuse: guides, toolkits, handbooks and templates.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Research
Studies, frameworks and papers across one or more cities, written by researchers rather than by a city.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Other
Anything else: news, memos, programme brochures and documents that fit no type above.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.

40 documents for “City image”

Clear
Ask Encore: “City image”An answer from across the Archive, every claim cited to its document.

Found inside the documents

  • The Impact of Cultural Events on City Image (Rotterdam 2001)
Rotterdam · 2001

Compari- sons are also made with other studies of city image held elsewhere in Europe prior to and during 2001, in order to monitor external image change for Rotterdam in the inter- national domain.

  • Košice 2013
    Košice · 2013

    KoncepciŤ o ťytťáraní a Ťsmerňoťaní aktiťít ťedúcich k tťorbe ťhodného imidžŤ mesta zosŤmarizoťal ť knihe ĎĎThe Image of City´´Ď kde zdôraznil najmä kritériŤm tzť.

  • Liverpool 2008 — Baseline Report
    Liverpool · 2008

    …is also interesting to note the continuous growth of stories about social issues/inclusion and the (so far, uneven) growth of stories on the city‟s physical environment. The category „city image‟ is dominant across all periods.

  • Liverpool 2008 — Baseline Report
    Liverpool · 2008

    …08 - The Liverpool Model, European Capital of Culture Research Programme www.impacts08.net 61 Impacts 08 | Baseline Report 2006/07 | Identity, Image, and Place Figure 5-2: National press attitudes per thematic category (in percentage)…

  • Novi Sad 2022 — Evaluation Report
    Novi Sad · 2022

    …81.1% 66.1% 49.3% In the title year 2022, for the first time, there was a significant percentage of tourists who informed themselves about the city through digital promotional channels of the ECoC.

  • Liverpool 2008 — Impact Assessment
    Liverpool · 2008
  • European Capitals of Culture: success strategies and long-term effects (Garcia and Cox, European Parliament, 2013)
    2013

    …121 does not suggest particular correlations between city size or the status of an existing cultural system and the potential benefits; rather, what seems to be most important is the political and sector commitment to supporting further…

  • Liverpool 2008 — Impact Assessment
    Liverpool · 2008

    …city, interviews with correspondents from each city, and an analysis of publicised materials. The study argues that the ECoC title is seen as powerful tool for cultural development, but that not enough attention has been paid to ensuring…

  • City marketing (Sibiu 2007)
    Sibiu · 2007

    …is closely related to some of the key objectives established by the European Capital of Culture Programme, such as the enhancement of city image, attracting visitors to the city, or expanding the local audience for culture4.

  • Plzeň 2015 — Evaluation Report
    Plzeň · 2015

    Co se týče změny vnímání image města, výsledky se různí dle použité metodologie. Dle některých projekt při- nesl pouze mírnou změnu ve vnímání Plzně jako kulturní metropole a lze usuzovat, že díky značné setrvačnosti názorů se změna…

  • European Cities of Culture. Oct 1994
    Cross-city (Network of Cultural Cities of Europe) · 1994

    IMPACTS 7.1 Promotion first city to commit a significant budget {ECU 1.9 million} to West Berlin was th€ promoting the event. Glasgow more than tripted this sum with a budget of ECU 6.55 million and subsequently all cities, axcspt for…

  • Lille 2004 and the role of culture in the regeneration of Lille métropole
    Lille · 2004

    Perhaps most interesting is the fact that cultural development was not just about promoting the city’s image and developing tourism, but also a matter of increasing local people’s self-confidence and civic pride and even of boosting the…

  • Chemnitz 2025
    Chemnitz · 2025

    …Region Artistic production and cultural offerings in rural areas increase by 25% 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 450 new CCI enterprises in CCIs in the city, region and cross-border area 6, 7, 8 70% of involved CCIs and cultural sector agents have…

  • Urban branding (Patras 2006)
    Patras · 2006

    …Management and New Technologies (Agrinio) Introduction: Theme • The theme of the presentation is the development of an attractive urban image through city-marketing and place- branding strategies • We examine ideas of the impact of…

  • Deconstructing the creative city: snapshots from Helsinki (Helsinki 2000)
    Helsinki · 2000
  • Luxembourg City 2007 — Evaluation Report
    Luxembourg & Greater Region · 2007

    Image effects One of the objectives of the ECOC was to change the image of Luxembourg and the Greater Region, to increase its international profile and to strengthen the cultural dimen- sion of its image.

  • EC Ex-Post Evaluation — Guimarães, Maribor
    Guimarães & Maribor · 2012

    …important to ensure that the programme would maintain the identity of the existing education department, which will also remain in the city after the title year.

  • Eindhoven 2018 — Pre-selection
    Eindhoven · 2018

    But the city’s history goes back a long way. Eindhoven was granted city rights in 1232. In the 19th century it grew steadily, partly due to the rise of the leather and textile industries, drawn by a supply of cheap skilled labour.

  • Liverpool 2008
    Liverpool · 2008

    …have already recognised the opportunity to use the bidding process and the build up to 2008 as a way of confirming and re-profiling the city’s ambition to be a prime European destination for visitors, investors and re-locators.

  • Nürnberg 2025 — Pre-selection
    Nürnberg · 2025

    Or is it the city’s castle, seated proudly atop sandstone rock, looking down on the medieval city below? Or perhaps you picture the angel-like figure of the Christkind, her golden locks flowing over her shimmering dress as she officially…

  • EC Ex-Post Evaluation — Tallinn, Turku
    Tallinn & Turku · 2011

    …by Decision 1419/1999/EC, which allowed Member States the freedom to determine for themselves the basis on which they would nominate a city (or cities) for the ECoC title.

  • Dubrovnik 2020 — Final selection
    Dubrovnik · 2020

    Collage Metropolis refers to Collage City by Collin Rowe and Fred Koetter and includes field trips (cruise ship itineraries) and intensive interdisci- plinary workshops that tackle the tourism industry and the Mediterrane- an as an…

  • Ioannina 2021 — Pre-selection
    Ioannina · 2021

    …aims at creating a permanent Image Museum (photos and film) depicting the city of Ioannina in a buil- ding about to be restored. The permanent collection for the Image Museum will initially be enriched by digi- talisation of archived…

  • The Hague 2018 — Pre-selection
    The Hague · 2018

    That was in the 1980s, when things were dismal here, with lots of empty buildings in the city centre. The bleak, stern atmosphere of the 1930s that Bordewijk depicts in his stories was still dominant.

  • Zagreb 2020 — Pre-selection
    Zagreb · 2020
  • OK Analyza brnenske kulturni sceny ENG 2025_WEB
    Brno. Contributed by Brno and published to everyone.Brno

    Cultural contributory organisations of the City of Brno and their funding: https://data.brno.cz/pages/prispevkovky-financovani 17. Methodology for the Mapping and Development of Regional Strategies for the Cultural and Creative Industries…

  • Jonava 2022 — Pre-selection
    Jonava · 2022

    Introduction - General considerations Why does your city wish to take part in the competition for the title of European Capital of Culture? Participation in the competition for the title of European Capital of Culture stimulated the wish…

  • Esch-sur-Alzette 2022
    Esch-sur-Alzette · 2022

    2 R E M I X C U L T U R E ESCH-SUR-ALZETTE CANDIDATE CITY EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE 2022 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS CONTRIBUTION TO THE LONG-TERM STRATEGY EUROPEAN DIMENSION CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC CONTENT…

  • Pécs 2010
    Pécs · 2010

    The greatest challenge of the past fifteen years in the life of the city, the dramatic increase in motorised traffic and the resulting environmental damage and decline in the quality of life, was also met by offering cultural solutions…

  • Glasgow 1990 — Monitoring Report
    Glasgow · 1990

    …interesting by 57 per cent of respondents lcompared with 31 per cent for Glasgow). 80th Edinburgh and Bristol had vir&ually no negative image (3 per cent and 9 per cent) .

  • Myerscough report — Antwerp 1993
    Antwerp · 1993

    …painters ofth6 lTth contury, such as Rubens, Van Dyck and Jordaens, a Igth c€ntury fin de siecle flowering ot music and painting in ths city and the achiavement of thras international oxhibitions botwoen 1850 and 1930.

  • Veliko Tarnovo 2019 — Pre-selection
    Veliko Tarnovo · 2019

    To achieve the project objectives, an image communication strategy must be developed and implemented. Purpose: To validate the image of Veliko Turnovo as a destination, by skillfully combining the cultural and historical heritage and the…

  • Culture and Creative Industries Strategy 2026–2035
    Brno. Contributed by Brno and published to everyone.Brno · 2026

    …Cultural needs of Brno residents: https://data.brno.cz/pages/kulturni-potreby- mesta-brna Cultural contributory organisations of the City of Brno and their funding: https://data.brno.cz/pages/prispevkovky-financovani Monument Care Map…

  • Action Plan No. 1: Culture and Creative Industries Strategy 2026–2027
    Brno. Contributed by Brno and published to everyone.Brno · 2026

    …Activity description The aim is to promote international cooperation and support the promotion of Brno’s CCIs, with a focus on: ▪ the city’s active participation in international networks (e.g.

  • Tallinn 2011
    Tallinn · 2011
  • Córdoba 2016 — Final selection
    Córdoba · 2016

    Designers were again encouraged to submit their ideas for a new, modern vis- ual image for the bid based on two of the key themes highlighted in the pre-selection dossier: Córdoba as a place of participation and a meeting point for…

  • Elefsina (Eleusis) 2021
    Elefsina (Eleusis) · 2021

    …as its main objective to change the image of a grey industrial city. Through a set of interventions targeted to the urban, environmental and cultural fields, that has been coupled with a stable annual investment of 5% -6% of the culture…

  • Utrecht 2018 — Pre-selection
    Utrecht · 2018

    October 2012Trust the Future, Create your City 66 The city of Utrecht is the capital of the province of the same name. City and province are closely linked, both geographically and historically.

  • Bourges 2028 — Pre-selection
    Bourges · 2028

    Exchanging on the Bourges 2028 prototypes, adopting them for their own city, sharing their good practice. This is an informal capacity building organisation dedicated to innovation, prototyping and the deployment of common and grouped…

  • Also matching the title, city or themes

    Aarhus 2017

    Aarhus · 2017