The ECoC evidence base

The Archive

Forty years of European Capitals of Culture in their own words: what cities promised, what they did, and what the evaluations found.

documents: 472
cities: 190
evaluations: 53
bid books: 182; 1985–2031

5 documents of type research or other for “Economic impact”

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Ask Encore: “Economic impact”An answer from across the Archive, every claim cited to its document.

Found inside the documents

A case study of Salamanca 2002

What the document types mean

Bid book (pre-selection): A city's first application for the title, judged by the selection panel to make the shortlist.; Evidence of intent: what a city promised, not what it delivered.
Bid book (final selection): A shortlisted city's full, final application for the title, with its programme, budget and plans.; Evidence of intent: what a city promised, not what it delivered.
Selection panel report: The EU expert panel's assessment of the bids in one competition, with its reasons and its recommendation.; Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Monitoring panel report: The EU expert panel's report on a designated city's preparations before its title year, with its advice.; Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Ex-post evaluation: An assessment, written after the title year or a programme, of what it actually achieved, usually by independent evaluators.; Evidence of outcome: what actually happened.
Monitoring or progress report: A city's own report on how its programme is going, written while it runs, with the figures it has tracked.; Evidence of outcome: what actually happened.
Strategy: A city's long-term plan or policy for culture, including legacy strategies and council decisions.; A plan: how a city meant to deliver and keep going.
Action plan: A concrete plan of what a city or organisation will do, by when and with what resources.; A plan: how a city meant to deliver and keep going.
Guide or toolkit: Practical how-to material that others can reuse: guides, toolkits, handbooks and templates.; Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Research: Studies, frameworks and papers across one or more cities, written by researchers rather than by a city.; Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Other: Anything else: news, memos, programme brochures and documents that fit no type above.; Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.

…approach of this type of study is to estimate the size of the spending flows which give rise to the cultural sector and to measure its overall impact.

Impact assessment accompanying COM(2012) 407, SWD(2012) 226

2012

Economic impacts The “no action” option would constitute a lost opportunity for the positive economic impacts described in the baseline scenario, such as the contribution to economic growth generated by the increased number of cultural…

DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL renewing a Union action for the European Capitals of Culture for the years 2034 to 2047 and repealing Decision No 445/2014/EU

Cluj-NapocaCluj-Napoca · 2026

Expected result(s) and impact Specify the effects which the proposal/initiative should have on the beneficiaries/groups targeted. The proposed revision of the ECoC’s legal basis is expected to have a positive social, economic…

How Will We Know If LOV2030 Makes a Real Difference?

Leuven

Context

How Will We Know If LOV2030 Makes a Real Difference?

LeuvenLeuven

Together, they explored how existing knowledge, data and expertise could contribute to understanding the cultural, social, economic and ecological impact of LOV2030.

OK Analyza brnenske kulturni sceny ENG 2025_WEB

BrnoBrno

…and creative festivals not only play a key role in promoting and raising the profile of the CCI, but are also important in terms of their economic contribution to the area, tourism and community building.