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The ECoC evidence base

The Archive

Forty years of European Capitals of Culture in their own words: what cities promised, what they did, and what the evaluations found.

documents
472

documents

cities
190

cities

evaluations
53

evaluations

bid books
182

bid books

1985–2031

title years covered

All shelvesEvaluations 53Monitoring and progress reports 1Bid books 182Selection and monitoring reports 111EU framework and official documents 27Strategies and action plans 5Research, guides and frameworks 33Shared by cities 1Sent in by members 59Published by cities 12
TypeBid book (pre-selection) 8Bid book (final selection) 10Ex-post evaluation 27Strategy 1Research 8Other 1
What the document types mean
Bid book (pre-selection)
A city's first application for the title, judged by the selection panel to make the shortlist.
Evidence of intent: what a city promised, not what it delivered.
Bid book (final selection)
A shortlisted city's full, final application for the title, with its programme, budget and plans.
Evidence of intent: what a city promised, not what it delivered.
Selection panel report
The EU expert panel's assessment of the bids in one competition, with its reasons and its recommendation.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Monitoring panel report
The EU expert panel's report on a designated city's preparations before its title year, with its advice.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Ex-post evaluation
An assessment, written after the title year or a programme, of what it actually achieved, usually by independent evaluators.
Evidence of outcome: what actually happened.
Monitoring or progress report
A city's own report on how its programme is going, written while it runs, with the figures it has tracked.
Evidence of outcome: what actually happened.
Strategy
A city's long-term plan or policy for culture, including legacy strategies and council decisions.
A plan: how a city meant to deliver and keep going.
Action plan
A concrete plan of what a city or organisation will do, by when and with what resources.
A plan: how a city meant to deliver and keep going.
Guide or toolkit
Practical how-to material that others can reuse: guides, toolkits, handbooks and templates.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Research
Studies, frameworks and papers across one or more cities, written by researchers rather than by a city.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Other
Anything else: news, memos, programme brochures and documents that fit no type above.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.

55 documents for “Tourism”

Clear
Ask Encore: “Tourism”An answer from across the Archive, every claim cited to its document.

Found inside the documents

Valletta 2018 — Final Report
Valletta · 2018

…which (cid:23) THE IMPACT OF VALLETTA 2018 ON THE TOURISM SECTOR (cid:46)(cid:34)(cid:45)(cid:53)(cid:34)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:48)(cid:54)(cid:51)(cid:42)(cid:52)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:54)(cid:53)(cid:41)(cid:48)(cid:51)(cid:42)(cid:53)(…

  • Gabrovo 2019 — Pre-selection
    Gabrovo · 2019

    …trend is due to the great interest in Gabrovo as a green destination with excellent opportunities for vacation in the mountains, eco(cid:21)tourism, combining authentic atmosphere of the Bulgarian National Revival with the capabilities of…

  • Marseille 2013 — Tourism Assessment
    Marseille-Provence · 2013

    14 11 13 MARSEILLE PROVENCE 2013 1er BILAN TOURISTIQUE – ENJEUX 2014 MARSEILLE PROVENCE 2013 BILAN FREQUENTATION FLUX VISION TOURISME Le dispositif Flux Vision Tourisme permet une évaluation de la population présente sur un territoire…

  • Donostia-San Sebastián 2016
    Donostia-San Sebastián · 2016

    …mercouri.com and mercouri.eu Internet Domains Dani Blanco 2 Dani Blanco 60—coMMunication waves of energy—Dss2016eu commitment to urban tourism Tourism, a dynamic sector, is changing radically.

  • Cultural Development Plan „Cultural Vision 2030“ (English) (Bad Ischl 2024)
    Bad Ischl · 2024

    I want 48 Ebensee Cinema © Gerhard Mair CULTURAL TOURISM* dependent and can live a good life thanks to the income. The tourism debate in the Salzkammergut often revolves around arguments based on numbers: "Too many tourists," is the loud…

  • Paphos 2017
    Paphos · 2017

    …many challenges to address a) if the city wants to overcome the past and embrace a future that will not destroy the natural resources through tourism and economic exploitation, b) if Pafos wants to bring our communities together, and c) if…

  • Córdoba 2016 — Final selection
    Córdoba · 2016

    The Excellence in Tourism Plan itself has devoted the vast majority of its resources to projects targeting this goal. Examples include: im- proving the city’s tourist signage and the permanent visitor information infrastructure…

  • Ioannina 2021 — Pre-selection
    Ioannina · 2021

    Similar structured surveys have not been car- ried out concerning tourism outside of Ioannina Tourism appears to consist to a certain degree of niche markets which have emerged.

  • Maastricht 2018 — Final selection
    Maastricht · 2018

    …will give Maastricht and the Euregion Meuse- Rhine a golden opportunity but also a much-needed boost, with an enormous and lasting impact on tourism and the tourism infrastructure.

  • The Impact of Cultural Events on City Image (Rotterdam 2001)
    Rotterdam · 2001

    (1999) A model of destination image formation, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), pp. 868–897. BERG, L. VAN DEN, MEER, J. VAN DER and OTGAAR, A. (1999) The attractive city. Report R200-1, EURICUR, Rotterdam. BEVERS, T.

  • San Sebastián 2016 — Evaluation Report
    San Sebastián · 2016

    …to the ECoC, there are numerous other factors that influence trends in tourist stays, including national and global tourism trends. However, by providing comparisons with Warsaw and other Polish cities, it is possible to get a good…

  • Rijeka 2020 — Evaluation Report
    Rijeka · 2020

    Compared to 2016, the quality of tourism in Rijeka significantly increased, which was reflect- ed in the increase in the number of tourist indicators for both Rijeka and the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County.

  • Luxembourg City 2007 — Evaluation Report
    Luxembourg & Greater Region · 2007

    …friends Previous visit Advertisement in newspaper/magazine Brochures of tour operators Info Point Luxembourg 2007 Advertisement on TV/Radio Tourism fair Programme on TV/Radio % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 In general, tourists were very satisfied…

  • European Capitals of Culture: success strategies and long-term effects (Garcia and Cox, European Parliament, 2013)
    2013

    …discussed above, can be given depth by considering individual city case studies that all support the way that the ECoC leads to a growth in tourism numbers during the year itself – see Box 2 below.

  • City marketing (Sibiu 2007)
    Sibiu · 2007

    CITY MARKETING AND ITS IMPACT OVER URBAN TOURISM – SIBIU EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE 2007 - A SUCCESS STORY ELENA LIDIA ALEXA C T LINA LACHE Abstract In the past years tourism has become the fastest-growing economic sector, both in terms…

  • Veliko Tarnovo 2019 — Pre-selection
    Veliko Tarnovo · 2019

    Tourism in Veliko Turnovo district has long been established as an important branch of the tertiary sector of the regional economy, which has relatively sustainable development.

  • Plovdiv 2019
    Plovdiv · 2019

    Primary target markets for Plovdiv’s tourism marketing are Austria, Germany, Greece, UK, and Romania. Additionally day tourist numbers have not been monitored and yet we estimate more than 300,000 tourists per year visit Plovdiv only on a…

  • Turku 2011
    Turku · 2011

    The Organisation of Tourism Turku Touring is a marketing and sales organisation that covers the regional tourism in the entire province of Southwest Finland which includes 53 municipalities.

  • Marseille 2013
    Marseille-Provence · 2013

    …already attracted around eight million tourists a year suggested a need to tap into existing efforts rather than to develop a new tourism strategy from scratch.

  • Dublin 1991
    Dublin · 1991

    During 'l 988, the Oublin Millennium Year, out of state tourism is said to have increased by 18 per cent as compared with 1987. This was a smaller scal€ and- perhaps more focused svent than Oublin 91 but the results of 1991 similarly show…

  • Zadar 2020 — Pre-selection
    Zadar · 2020

    Tourism bubble Today, Zadar has all characteristics of mass tourism destination which ultimately leads to a “Venetian syndrome” and loss of personal statement this city doesn’t deserve.

  • Programme Book of the Cultural Programme (2024, Bilingual) (Bad Ischl 2024)
    Bad Ischl · 2024

    TOURISMUS ZWISCHEN GELEBTER TRADITION UND KLISCHEE Das Salzkammergut wird seit dem 19. Jahrhundert bis heute durch klischeehafte bildliche Darstellungen als Kulisse der Tourismus- und Freizeitindustrie geprägt.

  • f59881a3-596e-4ec5-9027-5b7cc8b20dd8-garciaetal-2010-creating_an_impact-impacts08.pdf
    London. Contributed by London and published to everyone.

    …West, note that the report’s authors do credit this to ECoC to some degree. 43 See the Impacts 08 Neighbourhood Watch report. 2Economy and tourism Attracting more visitors to the city was a key aim of the Liverpool ECoC.

  • Braga 2027 — Pre-selection
    Braga · 2027

    Mais importante ainda, ao longo das últimas décadas, o país evoluiu consideravelmente do perfil tradicional de destino de praia. As estatísticas oficiais traçam um qua- dro do impacto deste fenómeno em Braga em termos do número de turistas…

  • Liverpool 2008 — Impact Assessment
    Liverpool · 2008

    …West, note that the report’s authors do credit this to ECoC to some degree. 43 See the Impacts 08 Neighbourhood Watch report. 2Economy and tourism Attracting more visitors to the city was a key aim of the Liverpool ECoC.

  • Nova Gorica 2025
    Nova Gorica · 2025

    This is the reason why – also as a measure to secure legacy – we are pushing the municipalities to develop a joint city-brand and tourism strategy from 2021.

  • Myerscough report — Madrid 1992
    Madrid · 1992

    Responsibility for tourism in Spain is divided between the Ministry of Tourism and the Regional and Municipal authorities. The primary function of the national bodies is to promots Spain as a tourism destination worldwide, and the regional…

  • the_missing_pillar.pdf

    …(SDG 5: Gender equality and SDG 10: Reducing inequalities).88 Cultural heritage sites have also greatly contributed to the development of tourism and local livelihoods through the production and sale of locally produced goods and…

  • Siena 2019 — Final selection
    Siena · 2019

    Specific slogans and The real smartness of tourism does not only depend upon the use of new technologies. Tourism is truly smart when it is able to promote human interactions, partic- ipation, creativity, and social changes: don’t shoot…

  • Ghent2030: Toopen Together. Cultural recharge for a common future
    Gent. Contributed by Gent and published to everyone.Gent · 2024

    At the same time, we are experiencing the need for a transformation in our approach to tourism. A particular challenge we want to tackle in 2030 is the ‘tourism dilemma’ in Ghent .

  • Maribor 2012 — Final Report
    Maribor · 2012

    …and protocol delegations were taken on a free-of-charge guided tour of the venues Source: PR, Maribor 2012 131 132 GROWTH IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM Slovenian tourism benefited from the exceptional opportunity offered by the MARIBOR 2012…

  • Cagliari 2019 — Final selection
    Cagliari · 2019

    …of arrivals and 39% stays of the total), with a higher average stay for foreigners (4.43 days compared to 4.26 for the Italians) due to beach tourism.

  • Bielsko-Biała 2029
    Bielsko-Biała · 2029

    Adventure tourism is the fastest-growing tourism industry worldwide. In Bielsko-Biała we have top- class downhill and enduro trails in this part of Eu- rope.

  • Luxembourg 2007 — final report (Richards)
    Luxembourg · 2007

    The ONT attributed at least part of this rise to the ECOC, ‘which had a positive effect on tourism and the hotel industry’ (ONT Activity Report 2007).

  • Bergamo 2019 — Pre-selection
    Bergamo · 2019

    Furthermore, Bergamo has proven willing and able to proactively manage the upcoming tourism dynamics with the planning of new hotels (among them a newly developed 5-star hotel that opened in 2013 in the Città Alta) that will provide…

  • EC Ex-Post Evaluation — 2016 (San Sebastián & Wrocław)
    San Sebastián & Wrocław · 2016

    …to the ECoC, there are numerous other factors that influence trends in tourist stays, including national and global tourism trends. However, by providing comparisons with Warsaw and other Polish cities, it is possible to get a good…

  • Osijek 2020 — Pre-selection
    Osijek · 2020

    Tourism and transportation are closely linked, which provides the opportunity to create an authentic tourist product based on the transportation infrastructure of the region.

  • Leeuwarden 2018 — regional development
    Leeuwarden · 2018

    …further stress that Frysl^an does not aim at an international mass tour- ism market, but wants to target niches of cul- tural and nature-based tourism that suit the existing qualities (Provincie Frysl^an 2011, 2014b).

  • Also matching the title, city or themes

    EC Ex-Post Evaluation — 2019 (Matera & Plovdiv)

    Matera & Plovdiv · 2019

    EC Ex-Post Evaluation — Aarhus, Pafos

    Aarhus & Pafos · 2017

    Aarhus 2017 — Impact Assessment

    Aarhus · 2017

    Aarhus 2017

    Aarhus · 2017

    Wrocław 2016 — Archipelagos of Culture

    Wrocław · 2016

    EC Ex-Post Evaluation — 2015 (Mons & Plzeň)

    Mons & Plzeň · 2015

    EC Ex-Post Evaluation — Umeå, Riga

    Umeå & Riga · 2014

    EC Ex-Post Evaluation — Guimarães, Maribor

    Guimarães & Maribor · 2012

    EC Ex-Post Evaluation — Tallinn, Turku

    Tallinn & Turku · 2011

    Turku 2011 — Final Report

    Turku · 2011

    EC Ex-Post Evaluation — Essen Ruhr, Pécs, Istanbul

    Essen/Ruhr, Pécs, Istanbul · 2010

    Liverpool 2008 — Impact Assessment

    Liverpool · 2008

    Liverpool 2008 — Baseline Report

    Liverpool · 2008

    Liverpool 2008 — Baseline Report

    Liverpool · 2008

    Palmer/Rae Associates — European Cities and Capitals of Culture 1995–2004, Part II (city reports)

    Cross-city (Palmer Report Pt II) · 2004

    European Cities of Culture. Oct 1994

    Cross-city (Network of Cultural Cities of Europe) · 1994

    Glasgow 1990 — Monitoring Report

    Glasgow · 1990