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The ECoC evidence base

The Archive

Forty years of European Capitals of Culture in their own words: what cities promised, what they did, and what the evaluations found.

documents
472

documents

cities
190

cities

evaluations
53

evaluations

bid books
182

bid books

1985–2031

title years covered

All shelvesEvaluations 53Monitoring and progress reports 1Bid books 182Selection and monitoring reports 111EU framework and official documents 27Strategies and action plans 5Research, guides and frameworks 33Shared by cities 1Sent in by members 59Published by cities 12
TypeBid book (pre-selection) 9Bid book (final selection) 7Ex-post evaluation 10Strategy 2Action plan 1Research 11Other 5 Any type

16 documents of type research or other for “Urban regeneration”

Clear
Ask Encore: “Urban regeneration”An answer from across the Archive, every claim cited to its document.

Found inside the documents

  • Urban branding (Patras 2006)
What the document types mean
Bid book (pre-selection)
A city's first application for the title, judged by the selection panel to make the shortlist.
Evidence of intent: what a city promised, not what it delivered.
Bid book (final selection)
A shortlisted city's full, final application for the title, with its programme, budget and plans.
Evidence of intent: what a city promised, not what it delivered.
Selection panel report
The EU expert panel's assessment of the bids in one competition, with its reasons and its recommendation.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Monitoring panel report
The EU expert panel's report on a designated city's preparations before its title year, with its advice.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Ex-post evaluation
An assessment, written after the title year or a programme, of what it actually achieved, usually by independent evaluators.
Evidence of outcome: what actually happened.
Monitoring or progress report
A city's own report on how its programme is going, written while it runs, with the figures it has tracked.
Evidence of outcome: what actually happened.
Strategy
A city's long-term plan or policy for culture, including legacy strategies and council decisions.
A plan: how a city meant to deliver and keep going.
Action plan
A concrete plan of what a city or organisation will do, by when and with what resources.
A plan: how a city meant to deliver and keep going.
Guide or toolkit
Practical how-to material that others can reuse: guides, toolkits, handbooks and templates.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Research
Studies, frameworks and papers across one or more cities, written by researchers rather than by a city.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Other
Anything else: news, memos, programme brochures and documents that fit no type above.
Context: useful background, not a city's own evidence of what happened.
Patras · 2006

…substantive infrastructure uncompleted, no perceivable legacy in terms of economic opportunities, regional development, sustainable growth Urban Regeneration Review • Lack of a strategic plan and many small projects rather than large…

  • Istanbul 2010
    Istanbul · 2010

    Urban rehabilitation and regeneration projects directly supported by Istanbul 2010 Agency In spite of such unfortunate implementations where Istanbul 2010 Agency has had neither the power nor the authority to intervene, there are also…

  • Lille 2004 and the role of culture in the regeneration of Lille métropole
    Lille · 2004

    Nearby, a new urban district is planned, with the aim of ensuring the development of Metz over the next 20 years. In Lens, a city close to Lille where the social and economic crisis is still very strong, the Louvre has decided to open a…

  • European Capitals of Culture: success strategies and long-term effects (Garcia and Cox, European Parliament, 2013)
    2013

    …of development (tourism infrastructure, public realm, and so on), it is often not clear what the potential lasting impact might be in terms of urban regeneration (see European Commission, 2009: 7, referring to the ex-post evaluations of…

  • Urban anxieties and creative tensions in the European Capital of Culture 2005 (Cork)
    Cork · 2005

    Keywords: European Capital of Culture; cultural policy; urban regeneration; Ireland; Cork city Introduction In October 2004, in the run-up to its year as European Capital of Culture (ECOC) in 2005, Dr Franco Bianchini gave a lecture in…

  • Publications – Dr Beatriz García

    Context

    Publications – Dr Beatriz García

    …Una reflexión poética de expatriada y turista en casa, sobre la necesidad de hacer y reinventar nuestras ciudades durante este Cities, City regeneration When the Games can’t go on… The Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games have been…

  • Deconstructing the creative city: snapshots from Helsinki (Helsinki 2000)
    Helsinki · 2000

    Deconstructing the Creative City: Snapshots from Helsinki Since the 1990s, innovation, culture and creativity have become new catchwords in urban development as a growing number of cities started promoting and marketing themselves with a…

  • 56021a3c-220e-49cd-a8c0-656eca9296c0-garciaetal-2010-ecocpolicygroup-europeancommission.pdf
    London. Contributed by London and published to everyone.

    …and has been utilised in other cities throughout the world – is that the ECoC as a major cultural policy investment, can be a driver for urban regeneration and lead to sustainable long-term positive change.

  • The Impact of Cultural Events on City Image (Rotterdam 2001)
    Rotterdam · 2001

    JANSSON, A. (2003) The negotiated city image: reproduction and change through urban con- sumption, Urban Studies, 40(3) pp. 463–479. JENKINS, O. (1999) Understanding and measuring tourist destination images, International Jour- nal of…

  • Governing ECoCs (Sibiu 2007)
    Sibiu · 2007

    …it as a tool to legitimize the EU project and to promote a sense a belonging and local governance structures can use it as a route for urban transformation and as an entrepreneurial strategy of urban governance (Harvey 1989).

  • DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL renewing a Union action for the European Capitals of Culture for the years 2034 to 2047 and repealing Decision No 445/2014/EU
    Cluj-Napoca. Contributed by Cluj-Napoca and published to everyone.Cluj-Napoca · 2026

    …process of being, designated for the years up to 2033. (6) The Culture Compass recognises the revitalising role of culture, beyond 2033, in urban contexts and acknowledges the role of the European Capitals of Culture (ECoC) in contributing…

  • OK Analyza brnenske kulturni sceny ENG 2025_WEB
    Brno. Contributed by Brno and published to everyone.Brno

    …the ideas of projects that are surely doomed to failure in advance – an overpriced hall, worthless and meaningless in architectural and urban planning terms, with noone to run it, a cable car from nowhere to nowhere...” CD statement: The…

  • Grant Programmes in the Field of Culture (2026)
    Brno. Contributed by Brno and published to everyone.Brno · 2026

    Grant programme for the provision of grants for the promotion of folk traditions Grants are provided in particular to promote traditional folk culture, regional cultural traditions, events and the continuous activities of folk groups of…

  • Financial Support for Brno’s Independent Cultural Scene

    Brno

    2026 · Context

    Financial Support for Brno’s Independent Cultural Scene
    Brno. Contributed by Brno and published to everyone.Brno · 2026

    That said, the fund’s activities were put on hold in 2025 following the opinion issued by the Czech Ministry of Finance on 28 May 2025 on whether territorial self-governing units are permitted to establish foundations and endowment funds.

  • Also matching the title, city or themes

    Palmer/Rae Associates — European Cities and Capitals of Culture 1995–2004, Part II (city reports)

    Cross-city (Palmer Report Pt II) · 2004

    European Cities of Culture. Oct 1994

    Cross-city (Network of Cultural Cities of Europe) · 1994